Publication of IMPRS-LS student Georg Jocher

Jocher, G., Grass, V., Tschirner, S.K., Riepler, L., Breimann, S., Kaya, T., Oelsner, M., Hamad, M.S., Hofmann, L.I., Blobel, C.P., Schmidt-Weber, C.B., Gokce, O., Jakwerth, C.A., Trimpert, J., Kimpel, J., Pichlmair, A., and Lichtenthaler, S.F.
EMBO reports, 2022, e54305.
doi: 10.15252/embr.202154305

ADAM10 and ADAM17 promote SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and spike protein-mediated lung cell fusion

The severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of COVID-19, but host cell factors contributing to COVID-19 pathogenesis remain only partly understood. We identify the host metalloprotease ADAM17 as a facilitator of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and the metalloprotease ADAM10 as a host factor required for lung cell syncytia formation, a hallmark of COVID-19 pathology. ADAM10 and ADAM17, which are broadly expressed in the human lung, cleave the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) in vitro, indicating that ADAM10 and ADAM17 contribute to the priming of S, an essential step for viral entry and cell fusion. ADAM protease-targeted inhibitors severely impair lung cell infection by the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern alpha, beta, delta, and omicron and also reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection of primary human lung cells in a TMPRSS2 protease-independent manner. Our study establishes ADAM10 and ADAM17 as host cell factors for viral entry and syncytia formation and defines both proteases as potential targets for antiviral drug development.